What is SSL ? and How it works

 SSL, which stands for Secure Sockets Layer, is a cryptographic protocol used to secure data transmission over the internet. It's now more commonly referred to as its successor, TLS (Transport Layer Security). Here's how it works:

• Handshake: When a user's device (e.g., a web browser) connects to a website, it initiates a handshake process. During this handshake, the server and client agree on encryption methods and exchange cryptographic keys.

• Encryption: Once the handshake is complete, the data exchanged between the client and server is encrypted. This means that even if intercepted by a third party, the data appears as gibberish without the proper decryption key.

• Data Transfer: The client and server can now securely exchange data. This is crucial for sensitive information like login credentials, personal data, or credit card information.

• Authentication: SSL/TLS also ensures that the server the client is communicating with is legitimate. This is done by the server presenting a digital certificate that is issued by a trusted Certificate Authority (CA). The client checks this certificate to verify the server's authenticity.

• Data Integrity: SSL/TLS also provides data integrity, meaning that the data exchanged between the client and server cannot be altered in transit without detection.

In summary, SSL/TLS is essential for securing data as it moves between a user's device and a web server. It does this by encrypting the data, authenticating the server, and ensuring data integrity. This is especially important for e-commerce websites, online banking, and any other services that involve the transmission of sensitive information.

Top five SSL service providers all over world

As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, here are some of the top SSL/TLS certificate providers worldwide:

• Comodo: Comodo, now known as Sectigo, is one of the largest and most well-known SSL certificate providers. They offer a wide range of certificate types, from basic to more advanced options.

• DigiCert: DigiCert is a reputable provider known for its high-assurance certificates. They offer a variety of SSL/TLS solutions, including wildcard and EV (Extended Validation) certificates.

• GlobalSign: GlobalSign is a global CA offering various SSL certificates. They are known for their robust security solutions, including code signing and document signing certificates.

• Symantec (Norton): Norton (formerly Symantec) offers SSL certificates that come with the trust associated with the Norton brand. They provide a range of certificate options.

• Thawte: Thawte is another well-established CA that provides SSL certificates. They are recognized for their international presence and variety of certificate types.

Please note that the SSL/TLS certificate landscape can change over time, and new providers may have gained prominence since my last update. It's advisable to research the most current SSL certificate providers and their offerings to choose the one that best suits your needs. Additionally, some CAs may have undergone rebranding or mergers, as seen with Comodo becoming Sectigo